This has been ALL over the news lately, and it's super-easy to get confused with the daily-changing circumstances. Here I'll post some basic knowledge about what happened to jump-start your ability to follow it in the news:
WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, HOW MUCH:- On April 20th, 2010 the
Deepwater Horizon (offshore oil drilling platform) exploded off the Gulf of Mexico coastline, killing 11 workers
- As of right now, no one knows why the rig exploded (how's that for responsibility?)
- Deepwater Horizon was leased by oil giant
BP (British-owned
"British Petroleum") for offshore drilling purposes, but it is actually owned by
Transocean Ltd. (a large Swiss offshore-drilling contractor)
- The gusher originates from a Deepwater oil well 5,000 feet (1,500 m) below the ocean surface
- Current estimates of the amount of oil being discharged daily range from
12,000–19,000 barrels (500,000–800,000 US gallons)
- The exact spill flow rate is uncertain, in part because BP has refused to allow independent scientists to perform accurate measurements
- The resulting oil slick covers a surface area of
at least 2,500 square miles- Scientists have also discovered immense underwater plumes of oil not visible from the surface
-
THE DEEPWATER HORIZON SPILL HAS SURPASSED IN VOLUME THE 1989 EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL AS THE LARGEST EVER IN U.S. TERRITORIAL WATERS (remember all those pictures you've seen of oil-coated birds and the subsequent rescue missions?)
-
However, it is still outranked in the greater Gulf of Mexico by the 1979 IXTOC I oil spillCONSEQUENCES:- Experts fear that due to factors such as petroleum toxicity and oxygen depletion, the spill will result in an environmental disaster, damaging the Gulf of Mexico fishing industry, the Gulf coast tourism industry, and the habitat of hundreds of bird species
- The oil spill endangers fragile coastal wetlands that are the habitats for many birds and marine creatures, not to mention the marine creatures themselves! Not only can fish and smaller creatures ingest or inhale oil and die, they may become coated in it and therefore contaminate larger organisms, birds like pelicans and herons
CLEANUP EFFORT:- The rig's blowout preventer, a fail-safe device fitted at source of the well, did not automatically cut off the oil flow as intended when the explosion occurred
- Crews are working to block off bays and estuaries, using anchored barriers, floating containment booms, and sand-filled barricades along shorelines (sort of kind of successful)
- Controlled burnings to harden/solidify oil and make it easier to collect
- Dispersants to break up oil and allow it to absorb more easily (contributed to below-surface oil plumes and may have made the situation worse)
- Container dome (failed)
- "Top Hat" (failed)
- Insertion tube to collect oil (moderately successful)
- "Top Kill," the process of shooting heavy drilling mud into the blowout preventer to staunch the flow of oil, then to be covered with cement (failed)
- "Lower Marine Riser Package" (LMRP) Cap Containment System **CURRENT TACTIC**
- Two relief wells **LONG-TERM, SHOULD BE FINISHED BY AUGUST** -->the only guarantee to stop the flow of oil
GOOD NEWS:- BP's reputation and market valuation have seriously plummeted since the spill (good!)
- BP has accepted responsibility for the oil spill and the cleanup costs, but indicated they were not at fault because the platform was run by Transocean personnel
WHAT YOU CAN DO:- The federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) technically has the power to take away BP's ability to license any more drilling projects (to encourage them to do so, sign this petition: http://act.credoaction.com/campaign/epa_bp/?rc=fb_share1)
- Due to current federal law, there is a $75 million cap on how much an oil company must pay in the event of a disaster (shouldn't they have to pay the full cost if it's their oversight? Make sure BP takes responsibility for their mistakes and sign one or both of these petitions: http://action.foodandwaterwatch.org/p/dia/action/public/?action_KEY=3920
OR https://online.nwf.org/site/Advocacy?&cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=1255&autologin=true&s_src=socialmedia)
- If your family has planned a trip to New Orleans/the Louisiana coast, GO! There are beaches that remain uncontaminated, and the people need your patronage now more than ever!